On June 11, the 2026 Photovoltaic Power Plant Field Testing and Selection Seminar, organized by the China Photovoltaic Industry Association and co-hosted by the Northern Branch of the Upper Yellow River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of State Power Investment Corporation), was held in Daqing, Heilongjiang. With the release of SPIC’s latest demonstration data, TOPCon has shown strong performance across key metrics—including power generation, bifaciality, and reliability—providing the industry with clearer evidence of long-term returns for product selection.
SPIC: Four Years of Demonstration Data Confirm TOPCon’s Expanding Power Generation Advantage
SPIC recently released the 2025 demonstration results (“the Results”) from the Daqing site, the world’s largest megawatt-scale PV demonstration base. Hou Shaopan, Director of the Data Analysis Institute at the Xi’an Branch of SPIC Group’s Energy Science and Technology Research Institute, shared the latest operational data at the conference.
The Results shows that, in terms of overall power generation performance, TOPCon modules ranked first among all technology routes in the latest comprehensive comparison of the three phases, outperforming IBC by approximately 0.75%, HJT by 5.24%, and PERC by 2.86%; In the longer-term Phase I demonstration (2022–2025 average, 166mm, 144-cell configuration), TOPCon maintained a stable 1.25% performance advantage over IBC.
In high-latitude cold-temperate environments, TOPCon demonstrates greater power generation scalability thanks to its higher bifaciality ratio, delivering significant gains during early morning, evening, and periods of low irradiance, thereby aligning the power generation curve more closely with the demand during high-value grid periods. At the same time, under low-light conditions such as overcast skies, rain, and snow, the Results shows its power generation performance consistently outperforms HJT and IBC, further extending the effective power generation time.
In terms of long-term reliability, the differences among the various technological approaches are equally significant. According to the Results, HJT typically experiences a first-year degradation rate exceeding 4%, with a relatively noticeable decline in performance after 10 months of operation. Although IBC exhibits lower degradation levels, its overall power generation potential remains constrained by a low bifaciality ratio of approximately 64%. In contrast, TOPCon achieves optimal first-year degradation control at 0.5% and demonstrates more stable output capacity and higher consistency over the long term.
TOPCon’s advantage stems not only from technology but also from real-world validation
Based on four years of monitoring data from the Daqing site, 182mm and 144mm TOPCon modules achieved an average annual power generation of 1,743,200 kWh/MW, exceeding the 1,704,400 kWh/MW of IBC modules. At the same time, the bifaciality rate of TOPCon modules remained between 74% and 80%, consistently higher than that of IBC modules. Under favorable back-side irradiation conditions, the power output gap between the two can exceed 2%, and the power gain per watt shows a trend of increasing year by year.
This advantage was also validated in the Wuwei, Gansu demonstration project: under harsh operating conditions such as high temperatures, dust storms, and large temperature fluctuations, TOPCon modules achieved an overall power generation gain of 1.28% per watt compared to N-type BC modules; under low-irradiance conditions, the gain further increased to over 2%. Relevant data indicates that whether in the Northeast region, desert and Gobi areas, or low-irradiance environments, TOPCon demonstrates stronger overall power generation capabilities.
This advantage stems from the structural characteristics of TOPCon technology itself. TOPCon inherently features a physically isolated structure between the anode and cathode, resulting in low leakage current losses and notable performance in low-light response, long-wavelength spectrum utilization, and adaptability to complex environments. At the same time, the multi-segment design further enhances the module’s shading tolerance and hot-spot control capabilities, enabling higher power generation yields in real-world operating scenarios.
In terms of technological advancements, JinkoSolar’s newly launched Flying Tiger 5 module achieves a power output of 700W, with cell conversion efficiency increased to 27%–28%. Multi-scenario calculations show that TOPcon technology delivers strong power generation performance across utility-scale, commercial and industrial, and residential applications, highlighting its ongoing potential for future growth.
